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Colonoscopy

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. It’s often recommended to check for issues like polyps, inflammation, or cancer. During a colonoscopy, a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope is inserted through the rectum to allow your doctor to view the lining of the colon and potentially remove abnormal growths. This procedure is key to both diagnosing and preventing serious gastrointestinal conditions, including colorectal cancer.

 

A colonoscopy is a safe, routine procedure that provides invaluable insights into the health of your colon. It plays a significant role in screening for colorectal cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. Early detection through regular colonoscopy screenings can prevent cancer by identifying and removing polyps before they become malignant. Colonoscopy can also help diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases and other gastrointestinal concerns. Regular screening is especially important for those over 50, as well as individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer.

Colonoscopy in Australia

Colorectal cancer is a major health issue in Australia, with over 15,000 new cases diagnosed each year. In fact, Australia has one of the highest rates of colorectal cancer globally. The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) encourages Australians aged 50 to 74 to undergo regular screenings to reduce mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer. A colonoscopy can help detect the disease early and even prevent it by removing precancerous polyps, dramatically improving survival rates.

Symptoms

Some symptoms that may prompt a colonoscopy include:

  • Persistent abdominal pain
  • Rectal bleeding or blood in stools
  • Chronic constipation or diarrhea
  • Sudden changes in bowel habits
  • Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • A positive result on a test for microscopic blood in the stool (such as via the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program)

Causes

Colorectal issues that may necessitate a colonoscopy can be caused by:

  • Genetic factors, such as a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
  • Lifestyle factors, including a diet high in red and processed meats, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.
  • Age, as the risk of colorectal issues increases with age.
  • Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Sedentary lifestyle and obesity.

Diagnostic Tests

In addition to a colonoscopy, other tests can help assess colorectal health:

  • Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): A non-invasive test that screens for hidden blood in stool, often used in initial screening programs.
  • Sigmoidoscopy: A procedure similar to colonoscopy but only examines the rectum and lower part of the colon.
  • CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): A less invasive imaging test that uses CT scans to create images of the colon.

Complications

Although rare, colonoscopy carries some risks, including:

  • Bleeding, especially if a polyp is removed
  • Perforation (tearing) of the colon wall
  • Adverse reactions to sedation
  • Infection

Your doctor will discuss these risks with you to ensure you have a safe and informed experience.

Treatments

If abnormalities are detected during a colonoscopy, treatment can begin immediately. Common treatments include:

  • Polypectomy: Removing polyps during the procedure to prevent them from developing into cancer.
  • Biopsy: Taking tissue samples to determine if abnormal growths are benign or malignant.
  • Medication and Lifestyle Changes: For conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, medication and dietary changes may be recommended.

Why Regular Screening is Important

A colonoscopy is a crucial tool for preventative health, especially given the high incidence of colorectal cancer in Australia. Early detection can save lives, and maintaining a schedule of routine screenings significantly lowers the risk of advanced colorectal disease.

 

For more information or to book a consultation with Dr Craven, please call us on (03) 9852 3777 or email us at info@dralexcraven.com.au.

Frequently Asked Questions

A colonoscopy is usually done under sedation, so most people do not feel pain during the procedure.

A typical colonoscopy takes about 30–60 minutes.

Patients can usually resume normal activities the next day, though you will need a ride home after the procedure due to sedation.

For many people over 50, it’s recommended every 5 to 10 years, though those at higher risk may need more frequent screenings. For people at low risk with no symptoms, stool testing via the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program is sufficient.

Medicare and many private insurers cover colonoscopies for high-risk individuals or those over a certain age. Check with your provider for specific coverage details.

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